EU countries have backed a deal to phase out the sale of new internal-combustion cars by 2035 and form a multibillion-euro fund to shield poorer citizens from carbon emission costs.
After more than 16 hours of negotiations, environment ministers from the bloc's 27 member states agreed overnight on five laws to combat climate change, part of a broader package of measures to slash planet-warming emissions this decade.
“The climate crisis and its consequences are clear, and so policy is unavoidable,” EU climate policy chief Frans Timmermans said.
He said that he thought the invasion of Ukraine by top gas supplier Russia was spurring countries to quit fossil fuels faster.
Ministers supported core parts of the package that the European Commission first proposed last summer, including a law requiring new cars sold in the EU to emit zero carbon emissions from 2035.
That would make it impossible to sell internal-combustion engine cars.
The deal increases the likelihood that the proposal will become EU law. The ministers' agreements will form their position in the coming negotiations with the European Parliament on the final laws.
The assembly has already backed the 2035 car target.
Italy, Slovakia and other states had wanted the phase-out delayed to 2040. Countries eventually backed a compromise proposed by Germany, the EU's biggest car market, which kept the 2035 target and asked Brussels to assess in 2026 whether hybrid vehicles or carbon-neutral fuels could comply with the goal.
Mr Timmermans said that the commission would keep an “open mind” but that today, hybrids did not deliver sufficient emissions cuts and alternative fuels were prohibitively expensive.
The climate proposals aim to ensure that the EU — the world's third-biggest greenhouse gas emitter — reaches its 2030 target of reducing net emissions by 55 per cent from 1990 levels.
Doing so will require governments and industries to invest heavily in cleaner manufacturing, renewable energy and electric vehicles.
Ministers backed a new EU carbon market to impose carbon costs on polluting fuels used in transport and buildings. However, they said it should launch in 2027, a year later than initially planned.
After fraught negotiations, they agreed to form a €59 billion ($62.3bn) EU fund to shield poor citizens from the policy's costs between 2027 and 2032.
Lithuania was the only country to oppose the final agreements, having unsuccessfully sought a bigger fund alongside Poland, Latvia and others concerned the new carbon market could increase citizens' energy bills.
Finland, Denmark and the Netherlands — wealthier countries who would pay more into the fund than they would receive — had wanted it to be smaller.
Ministers also rallied behind reforms to the EU's current carbon market, which forces industry and power plants to pay when they pollute.
Countries accepted core elements of the commission's proposal to reinforce the market to cut emissions by 61 per cent by 2030, and extend it to cover shipping.
They agreed on rules to make it easier for the EU to intervene in response to carbon price increases.
Ministers backed two other laws to strengthen the national emissions-cutting targets Brussels sets countries for some sectors, and increase natural carbon sinks such as forests.
